# Test · Typography
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## Inline Formatting
**Bold text** renders heavier. _Italic text_ tilts. _**Bold italic**_ combines both. ~~Strikethrough~~ crosses out. ==Highlighted text== uses the accent color. `inline code` uses the monospace font.
[External link](https://obsidian.md) gets an outbound arrow. [[Test · Headings|Internal wikilink]] navigates in-site. [[Unresolved Link]] renders differently.
Superscript: 10^2^ = 100. Subscript: H~2~O. Combined: H~2~O^18^ is a heavy water isotope.
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## Emphasis Combinations
Normal → **bold** → _italic_ → _**bold italic**_ → ~~struck~~ → ==highlighted== → `code` → back to normal.
Nested: **bold with _italic inside_** and _italic with **bold inside**_.
Mixed inline: `code with **no bold**` — markdown inside backticks is literal. **Bold containing ==highlight== and `code`.**
Strikethrough + italic: ~~_struck italic_~~. Strikethrough + bold: ~~**struck bold**~~.
Highlight + italic: ==_highlighted italic_==. Highlight + bold: ==**highlighted bold**==.
All at once: ~~**_bold italic struck_**~~.
---
## Hard Line Breaks
A hard line break is produced by two trailing spaces or a backslash:
First line.
Second line — same paragraph, no blank line.
With forced break:\
This follows a backslash line break.
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## Horizontal Rules
Three different Markdown syntaxes — all produce identical output:
---
***
___
Rules above and below this line — testing that spacing is consistent on both sides.
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## Blockquotes
### Single Line
> A simple one-line blockquote.
### Multi-Paragraph
> A multi-paragraph blockquote.
>
> The second paragraph continues the same block.
>
> The third paragraph. Spacing between these should be consistent.
>
> -- Attribution Line
### Formatted Content Inside
> **Bold in a blockquote.** _Italic too._ `Code inside quotes.` ==Highlighted.== ~~Struck.~~
>
> A link inside a quote: [Obsidian](https://obsidian.md).
### Nested Blockquotes
> First level — the outermost quote.
>
> > Second level nested inside.
> >
> > > Third level — triple nested. Each level should visually indent.
> > >
> > > > Fourth level — four deep. Test that spacing and borders hold up.
### Blockquote with a List
> The five Ionian islands:
>
> - Κέρκυρα
> - Λευκάδα
> - Κεφαλονιά
> - Ιθάκη
> - Ζάκυνθος
### Blockquote with a Code Block
> Configuration snippet:
>
> ```yaml
> theme: dark
> sidebar: collapsed
> ```
### Blockquote with a Table
> | Island | Area |
> | :--- | ---: |
> | Ιθάκη | 96 km² |
> | Ζάκυνθος | 406 km² |
### Quote Callout (thematic)
> [!quote]
> _"The sea is the same as it has been since before men ever went on it in boats."_
>
> -- Ernest Hemingway
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## Footnotes
This sentence references the first footnote.[^1] A second reference appears later.[^2] A named footnote is also possible.[^ionian]
Footnotes render at the bottom of the page. Clicking the superscript jumps there; clicking the return arrow jumps back.
A long footnote tests that the footnote block renders correctly with wrapping text.[^long]
Multiple footnotes in one sentence[^4][^5] test superscript stacking.
[^1]: This is the first footnote. It can contain **bold**, _italic_, and `inline code`.
[^2]: Second footnote. Footnotes render below all content, separated from the body.
[^ionian]: Named footnote: the Ionian Sea (Ιόνιο Πέλαγος) reaches a maximum depth of 5,267 metres in the Calypso Deep, located between the coasts of Calabria (Italy) and the Peloponnese (Greece).
[^long]: This footnote is intentionally long to test that the footnote area handles wrapping text correctly. The Ionian Sea was named after the mythological figure Io, a priestess of Hera who was transformed into a heifer by Zeus to protect her from Hera's jealousy. She wandered across the sea that now bears her name.
[^4]: Fourth footnote — part of a stacked pair.
[^5]: Fifth footnote — second of the stacked pair. Both superscripts should appear adjacent without layout issues.
---
## Keyboard Shortcuts
Press <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>K</kbd> to insert a link.
<kbd>Cmd</kbd> + <kbd>Shift</kbd> + <kbd>P</kbd> opens the command palette.
<kbd>Esc</kbd> exits. <kbd>Tab</kbd> indents. <kbd>Backspace</kbd> deletes.
<kbd>F1</kbd> through <kbd>F12</kbd>. <kbd>PgUp</kbd> / <kbd>PgDn</kbd>. <kbd>Home</kbd> / <kbd>End</kbd>.
<kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>Z</kbd> undoes. <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>Y</kbd> redoes.
Long chord: <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>Alt</kbd> + <kbd>Shift</kbd> + <kbd>F</kbd>.
Row of adjacent keys: <kbd>A</kbd> <kbd>S</kbd> <kbd>D</kbd> <kbd>F</kbd> <kbd>G</kbd> <kbd>H</kbd> <kbd>J</kbd> <kbd>K</kbd> <kbd>L</kbd>
---
## HTML Entities and Special Characters
Ampersand: & · Less-than: < · Greater-than: > · Quote: " · Non-breaking space: A B
Copyright: © · Registered: ® · Trademark: ™ · Degree: 37°C
Arrows: ← → ↑ ↓ ↔ ⇐ ⇒
Math: ± × ÷ ≠ ≤ ≥ ∞ ≈ ∑ ∫ √ π
Typographic: « » “ ” ‘ ’ — – …
Currency: $ € £ ¥
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## Greek Typography
### Modern Greek Prose
Η Ιόνιος Θάλασσα απλώνεται στα δυτικά της Ελλάδας. Τα νησιά — Κέρκυρα, Λευκάδα, Κεφαλονιά, Ιθάκη, Ζάκυνθος — σχηματίζουν αρχιπέλαγος. Ο Οδυσσέας ταξίδεψε δέκα χρόνια για να επιστρέψει στην Ιθάκη.
### Ancient Polytonic Greek
The goddess Ἀθηνᾶ guides Ὀδυσσεύς home to Ἰθάκη. Polytonic forms: ἄ (smooth + acute), ὃ (rough + grave), ᾗ (eta + iota subscript + rough + grave), δ᾽ (elision), πόντῳ (dative + iota subscript), εἷς (rough + circumflex).
First line of the Odyssey: Ἄνδρα μοι ἔννεπε, Μοῦσα, πολύτροπον, ὃς μάλα πολλὰ πλάγχθη.
First line of the Iliad: Μῆνιν ἄειδε, θεά, Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος οὐλομένην, ἣ μυρί᾽ Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγε᾽ ἔθηκε.
### Mixed Script Paragraph
The island of Κέρκυρα (Corfu) lies at 39°37′N 19°55′E. The dragon Σκυλιώτης (Scylla-kin) guards the σπηλιά (cave) at coordinates φ=38.37°, λ=20.72°. CR 22 — Θρυλικός (Legendary).
### Greek in Inline Formatting
**Βροντή** — thunder. _Αστραπή_ — lightning. `Κεφαλαίο` — heading. ==Επισήμανση== — highlight.
---
## Long-Form Paragraph (Line Wrapping)
Η Μεσόγειος Θάλασσα αποτελεί μία από τις πιο σημαντικές θάλασσες του κόσμου από γεωγραφική, πολιτισμική και ιστορική άποψη. Ο πολιτισμός που αναπτύχθηκε στις ακτές της έθεσε τα θεμέλια της σύγχρονης Δύσης. Οι Έλληνες ανέπτυξαν τη φιλοσοφία, τα μαθηματικά και τη δημοκρατία. Οι Ρωμαίοι ανέπτυξαν τη νομολογία και τη διοίκηση. Οι αραβικές επιστήμες διέσωσαν και εμπλούτισαν την αρχαία γνώση κατά τον Μεσαίωνα.
The paragraph above is long and Greek. Now an English paragraph of similar length: The Ionian Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, lying between the south of the Italian peninsula and the western coast of Greece. It is bounded in the north by the Strait of Otranto, and in the south by the heel of Italy, the Libyan Sea, and the northern tip of Crete. The sea reaches a depth of 5,267 metres in the Calypso Deep. Homer set much of the Odyssey in its waters.
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## Abbreviations and Notation
| Abbrev | Meaning |
| :--- | :--- |
| nm | Nautical miles |
| kn | Knots (nautical miles per hour) |
| COG | Course Over Ground |
| SOG | Speed Over Ground |
| VHF | Very High Frequency |
| ETA | Estimated Time of Arrival |
| UTC | Coordinated Universal Time |
---
## Consecutive Paragraphs (Spacing Test)
First paragraph. One sentence.
Second paragraph. Two sentences. Testing that vertical rhythm between paragraphs is consistent.
Third paragraph. Back to back to back. The spacing between each pair should look identical.
Fourth paragraph. This one is slightly longer to make sure the rhythm holds when paragraph heights differ.
Fifth paragraph.